Determinants of renewable energy sources in Pakistan: An overview

For successive economic growth of any society, sustainable energy plays a pivotal role. Considering this view, developing countries are facing serious challenges of energy at the present time. However, policymakers have outlined numerous policies to satisfy energy demand but still remain incapable to fill the gap between demand and supply. At a halt, 11% of the world population lacks access to different formulae of energy supply and access. Additionally, in different time periods, distinct policies have erupted for the progress of renewable energy. It includes especially those households of the far-flung areas having no gas and electricity availability. However, the basis of this research study is to determine the significant renewable energy source for Pakistan’s economy with the economic benefits such as job creation in energy sector. This research study aims in finding ways to secure energy supplies and achieving economic benefits. The research study concludes by engaging renewable energy technologies with the least operational and externality cost that is the utmost choice in the future. In policy perspective, Pakistani government should take actions in favor of renewable energy and technological innovation that necessitates biomass resources to be tied to non-sustainable prolonged investments.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

Internal combustion engines

Greenhouse gas emissions

Multi-criteria decision analysis

Gross domestic product

Small hydro energy

Municipal solid wastages energy

Total final energy consumption

Aerospace Center Institute

Energy Sector Management Assistance Program

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Pakistan Meteorological Department

Renewable energy sources

Alternative energy development board

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Asian Development Bank

Oil and Gas Regulation Authority

Liquid petroleum gas

Government of Pakistan

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Acknowledgements

The author is indebted to co-authors as well as the Home gardening, Urban jungle and Birds rehabilitation (HUB) Initiative team members for valuable suggestions and providing the author with important notes relevant to the subjects. Global energy transformation, a road map to 2050, especially the portion relevant to climate change expressed in this paper, is entirely endeavored of the HUB Initiative team.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

1. Department of Economics, Ghazi University, D G Khan, Pakistan Umar Suffian Ahmad
2. Institute for Region and Urban-Rural Development, and Center for Industrial Development and Regional Competitiveness, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei Province, China Muhammad Usman
3. Department of Economics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan Muhammad Usman
4. Science and Technology, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Islamabad, Pakistan Saddam Hussain
5. School of Economics, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China Atif Jahanger
6. Business School Konkuk University, Seoul, 100011, South Korea Maira Abrar

1. Umar Suffian Ahmad